Can Exercise Make You Fat?

This surprising claim was made in a recent issue of Time Magazine (Aug 17, 2009) in an article entitled "The Myth About Exercise." In the article, the author explains, with the illustration of a few research studies, that it appears that those who spend hours a week huffing and puffing and sweating away their time and energy at the gym are no more or less likely to release excess weight than those who don't participate in any structured exercise routine. Is this just an attention grabbing headline article to stimulate magazine sales? It does seem to fly in the face of everything we've ever been told about how to release excess body fat: eat less, move more. What about all those extra calories we're burning in the gym (or on the road or in the pool or on the court)? Don't tell me that was all for nothing!??!

The conclusions the researchers are drawing to explain their findings (again, based only on a couple of formal studies; beyond that anecdotal evidence is used) are:

• Exercise stimulates hunger, so we eat more to compensate for the extra calories we burned; in fact intense exercise could make weight release harder, as it could make us lose control of our appetites, leading us to hit McDonald's for some french fries or Starbucks for a 400 calorie muffin after our workouts.
  
• By performing "purposeful" exercise (ie: exercise you do on purpose for the sake of getting exercise, gaining fitness or for weight release), we may also compensate for that extra calorie burn by reducing our "casual" exercise (ie: regular movement that may be done throughout the day such as walking, taking stairs, carrying groceries, cleaning the house, doing yardwork, or playing recreational sports).
  
• The author states that "After we exercise, we often crave sugary calories like those in muffins or "sports" drinks like Gatorade."
• Our perception of the amount of food we can "afford" to eat becomes inflated; we may feel that because we exercise so much, we can eat carte blanche and not have to worry about it.
  

Now, I'm not going to flat-out refute these points, but I am going to argue against them. Yes, when we exercise, our energy requirements to maintain our weight increases. In other words, we can eat more and maintain our current weight. If we want to release excess weight, we do still require a caloric deficit, and exercise can help us to create that.... IF we do not overcompensate by eating as much or more than we burn. Of course if you go and eat french fries and muffins, and Chocolate Frappuccinos you're not going to reduce your body fat. Putting some numbers behind it to help illustrate the point, the article gives the example of a blueberry muffin, at 360 calories. To burn that off, a 154 pound 30 year old female will need to jog for a half hour at 5mph, vacuum for an hour and a half, bike ride for 1.25 hours, or mow the lawn for an hour. Exercise may help prevent you from gaining extra weight in that case, but your weight release goals will be reached very slowly if at all. This article really highlights what we've been told in recent years: Weight release is about 20% exercise, and 80% food. Don't fool yourself that exercise gives you free reign.

While the author states that we often crave sugary foods after exercising, in fact the opposite is more likely. While you may have strong hunger after a hard workout (although many people, myself included, often have little appetite after a hard workout), exercise is not likely to stimulate a craving for sugars in particular. What stimulates a craving for sugar, in fact, is eating sugar. If you make wise selections focusing on complex carbohydrates (whole grains, fruits, veggies, and beans/legumes), adequate amounts of protein, healthy fats, and stay well hydrated, you will not crave for sugar. Exercise, in fact, will minimize your cravings for sugar. Sugar is often craved due to its effect on the reward centres of the brain, stimulating "feel good" neurotransmitters to be released. Exercise does the same thing, stimulating the release of endorphins to increase pleasure, relaxation, and feelings of contentment. Exercising can be an effective means for reducing sugar cravings.

In addition, as I'm sure many of you will attest, when you make the effort to workout, it often reinforces your commitment to healthy living. It improves your mood and you feel more inclined to take the time to take care of yourself with healthy food choices too. Speaking from personal experience, as well as experience of people I've known and seen in the gym myself, I'm going to default to my common sense here: Exercise supports my goals of managing my weight. I feel stronger, I'm fitter, my mood is better, I sleep better, my cravings are reduced, I think more clearly, and yes, I burn SOME extra calories.

The author does also mention that psychologist Dr Kelly Brownell, a longtime expert in the study of obesity who treated obese patients at a lab at Yale, found that while only 5% of participants could keep the weight off, those 5% were also more likely to regularly exercise than those who regained the weight. He states that if he were to run this lab today, he would probably orient the focus more toward food choices than emphasizing exercise, but fails to explain his rationale for that.

The case is made for exercise as beneficial for health purposes, stating that "people who regularly exercise are at significantly lower risk for all manner of diseases - those of the heart in particular." The risk of cancer, diabetes, and heart disease (the big three killers in North America) are all significantly reduced through exercise. As well, cognitive function is 30% more likely to be maintained, and chronic back pain is reduced by 36%. However, all out sweaty exertion in a gym is not necessarily required to gain those benefits. Simply adding more movement into your daily activity can "enhance various aspects of cognitive functioning." As well, releasing excess weight itself may be more important for improving cardiovascular health and for reducing the risk of developing diabetes than exercise itself is.

Articles such as this one with sensational headlines can do more harm than good. The article is written from a slant that leaves the weary weight-reduction-seeker feeling that they may be better off to stop spending time in the gym. While it does promote exercise for health benefits, it leaves you feeling that if your only reason for working out is weight release, you might as well give it up.

I wish they had taken a different approach, namely: Those who are exercising regularly and adding more movement to their waking hours are doing great things for the health of their bodies, as well as mood management. Keep it up! Those who aren't yet active, start building more movement into your day, and consider adding some "purposeful" activity when you can. But put it in perspective: keep your eyes on the prize and focus on healthy eating as your main method to reach your weight release goals.

As for me, you'll find me in Body Combat 2 times a week, Body Step 2 times a week, and weight lifting 2 times a week. I love how I feel and seeing the results of my hard work, whether I lose weight not! Anyone wanna join me?!!?

ADDENDUM SEPT 9: An article published today commenting on this very same Time article : Experts weigh in after "Time" questions value of exercise

The Effects of Food Preservation

So, since I had a request from one reader (who I admit is my Mom, but who could deny their Mom?) for more information about the effects of food preservation methods on the life energy of food, I will assume she represents the masses of my readers who are just to shy to ask! So here you have it! Once again, this information comes largely from Anne-Marie Colbin's "Food and Healing."

Speaking generally, of course, food that is freshly picked (or killed) is going to deliver the highest energy vibration. But, it is not likely that most of us have access to food that is going from field to plate, and preservation is a necessity. Preservation, by definition, aims to keep a food's freshness and nutrient quality alive as long as possible. Some methods are better than others, and while usually the vitality of a food will decrease the longer it's preserved, and usually the vitamin and mineral quality will also be reduced, in some cases food will become more nutrient dense!

Cold Storage

• hardier vegetables are affected minimally
• some of the more fragile food nutrients (eg: Vit C) will break down in warehouse storage
• if the cold storage is outdoors or in a cold cellar or porch where there is air circulation, the energy field will be less affected
• Refrigeration (which is an insulated and closed box with an electrical current) will have more impact on the life quality and taste

Drying

• water soluble vitamins are lost between 10-20%
• carbohydrates generally become more dense (think of raisins vs grapes)
• sugar turns to starch (corn to cornmeal)
• method of drying will impact - eg: sun-drying will have more energetic quality than tunnel, spray, or drum-dried foods

Salting

• preserves by inhibiting the proliferation of bacteria, usually used for meat and fish
• in conjunction with drying, it will increase nutrient density
• in conjunction with immersion in brine, it will decrease nutrient density
• can be harmful for those who need to reduce their sodium intake, and in North America, this is almost everybody

Pickling or Fermenting

• popular foods include wine, bread, cheese, miso, tempeh, pickles, sauerkraut
• microorganisms alter the food by increasing the lactic acid content; this changes the taste and smell, making them stronger, and sometimes sour tasting
• some loss of vitamins and minerals, overall the influence of fermentation is positive for our health
• easy to digest (which is why many cultures will pair pickles or sauerkraut with sausages or processed meats)
• nutritional values (especially B vitamins) are enhanced
• some have antibacterial properties so can help enhance immunity
• some provide probiotics, also enhancing digestion and immunity

Smoking

• usually used for meats and fish, in conjunction with drying
• preservation occurs through antioxidants and bactericides in the wood smoke, however often accompanied by small quantities of other compounds that may be toxic or carcinogenic

Freezing

• water content turns to ice
• this process and the storage and thawing cause a loss of 20-25% of nutrients in fruits and vegetables (so really 75-80% are maintained so that is not sooooo bad)
• HOWEVER, here is a new perspective on freezing: when you free water in plastic bottle, what happens? The bottle bursts. The same thing happens with the cells of fruits and vegetables when the water in them is frozen. This explains why frozen fruits and vegetables are mushy when thawed. And, since form is related to function, it has to be considered that the cellular destruction will cause a loss in the food's vitality.

Canning

• before food is canned it is first heated to at least 240 degrees, then sealed; as the food cools, it forms a vacuum to keep out oxygen and bacteria
• lowers nutrient content significantly
• lack of oxygen creates a "dead" food from an energy perspective; if you're not physically active or doing an activity regularly that helps to increase oxygen uptake to compensate, eating canned foods regularly will lower your energy levels dramatically; pay attention the next time you eat canned foods, especially to your mental alertness

Chemical Preservatives/Additives

• This the most negatively impacting methods of preservation
• the list of chemicals used is long: dyes, bleaches, emulsifiers, antioxidant, preservatives, flavours, buffers, sprays, acidifiers, alkalizers, deoderants, moisteners, drying agents, gases, extenders, thickeners, disinfectants, defoliants, fungicides, neutralizers, sweeteners, anticaking agents, antifoaming agents, conditioners, curers, hydrolizers, hydrogenators, maturers, fortifiers....
  
• with this long list of additives, each food contains only miniscule amounts but over the course of a week, month, year, decade a person's intake grows substantially, and leads to a "subclinical poisoning"; the use of food chemicals has been linked conclusively to many diseases from allergies, to autism, to cancer, blurry vision, aching backs, hyperactivity, obesity...
  
• chemical preservatives act in a variety of ways, but generally they will block access to oxygen and microorganisms, which in effect blocks the life processes of foods
• rats fed synthetic diets may do ok, but become infertile (how can you support new life on food that the life energy has been blocked?)

Irradiation

• cesium-137 (a nuclear waste by-product of the manufacture of nuclear bombs) is used to irradiate food
• the food will not ripen or sprout and some bacteria will be killed, therefore the food will not spoil
• however microorganisms can develop resistance to radiation (superbugs)
• creates free radicals (contributes to aging, and cancer)
• may affect fertility