Can Exercise Make You Fat?

This surprising claim was made in a recent issue of Time Magazine (Aug 17, 2009) in an article entitled "The Myth About Exercise." In the article, the author explains, with the illustration of a few research studies, that it appears that those who spend hours a week huffing and puffing and sweating away their time and energy at the gym are no more or less likely to release excess weight than those who don't participate in any structured exercise routine. Is this just an attention grabbing headline article to stimulate magazine sales? It does seem to fly in the face of everything we've ever been told about how to release excess body fat: eat less, move more. What about all those extra calories we're burning in the gym (or on the road or in the pool or on the court)? Don't tell me that was all for nothing!??!

The conclusions the researchers are drawing to explain their findings (again, based only on a couple of formal studies; beyond that anecdotal evidence is used) are:

• Exercise stimulates hunger, so we eat more to compensate for the extra calories we burned; in fact intense exercise could make weight release harder, as it could make us lose control of our appetites, leading us to hit McDonald's for some french fries or Starbucks for a 400 calorie muffin after our workouts.
  
• By performing "purposeful" exercise (ie: exercise you do on purpose for the sake of getting exercise, gaining fitness or for weight release), we may also compensate for that extra calorie burn by reducing our "casual" exercise (ie: regular movement that may be done throughout the day such as walking, taking stairs, carrying groceries, cleaning the house, doing yardwork, or playing recreational sports).
  
• The author states that "After we exercise, we often crave sugary calories like those in muffins or "sports" drinks like Gatorade."
• Our perception of the amount of food we can "afford" to eat becomes inflated; we may feel that because we exercise so much, we can eat carte blanche and not have to worry about it.
  

Now, I'm not going to flat-out refute these points, but I am going to argue against them. Yes, when we exercise, our energy requirements to maintain our weight increases. In other words, we can eat more and maintain our current weight. If we want to release excess weight, we do still require a caloric deficit, and exercise can help us to create that.... IF we do not overcompensate by eating as much or more than we burn. Of course if you go and eat french fries and muffins, and Chocolate Frappuccinos you're not going to reduce your body fat. Putting some numbers behind it to help illustrate the point, the article gives the example of a blueberry muffin, at 360 calories. To burn that off, a 154 pound 30 year old female will need to jog for a half hour at 5mph, vacuum for an hour and a half, bike ride for 1.25 hours, or mow the lawn for an hour. Exercise may help prevent you from gaining extra weight in that case, but your weight release goals will be reached very slowly if at all. This article really highlights what we've been told in recent years: Weight release is about 20% exercise, and 80% food. Don't fool yourself that exercise gives you free reign.

While the author states that we often crave sugary foods after exercising, in fact the opposite is more likely. While you may have strong hunger after a hard workout (although many people, myself included, often have little appetite after a hard workout), exercise is not likely to stimulate a craving for sugars in particular. What stimulates a craving for sugar, in fact, is eating sugar. If you make wise selections focusing on complex carbohydrates (whole grains, fruits, veggies, and beans/legumes), adequate amounts of protein, healthy fats, and stay well hydrated, you will not crave for sugar. Exercise, in fact, will minimize your cravings for sugar. Sugar is often craved due to its effect on the reward centres of the brain, stimulating "feel good" neurotransmitters to be released. Exercise does the same thing, stimulating the release of endorphins to increase pleasure, relaxation, and feelings of contentment. Exercising can be an effective means for reducing sugar cravings.

In addition, as I'm sure many of you will attest, when you make the effort to workout, it often reinforces your commitment to healthy living. It improves your mood and you feel more inclined to take the time to take care of yourself with healthy food choices too. Speaking from personal experience, as well as experience of people I've known and seen in the gym myself, I'm going to default to my common sense here: Exercise supports my goals of managing my weight. I feel stronger, I'm fitter, my mood is better, I sleep better, my cravings are reduced, I think more clearly, and yes, I burn SOME extra calories.

The author does also mention that psychologist Dr Kelly Brownell, a longtime expert in the study of obesity who treated obese patients at a lab at Yale, found that while only 5% of participants could keep the weight off, those 5% were also more likely to regularly exercise than those who regained the weight. He states that if he were to run this lab today, he would probably orient the focus more toward food choices than emphasizing exercise, but fails to explain his rationale for that.

The case is made for exercise as beneficial for health purposes, stating that "people who regularly exercise are at significantly lower risk for all manner of diseases - those of the heart in particular." The risk of cancer, diabetes, and heart disease (the big three killers in North America) are all significantly reduced through exercise. As well, cognitive function is 30% more likely to be maintained, and chronic back pain is reduced by 36%. However, all out sweaty exertion in a gym is not necessarily required to gain those benefits. Simply adding more movement into your daily activity can "enhance various aspects of cognitive functioning." As well, releasing excess weight itself may be more important for improving cardiovascular health and for reducing the risk of developing diabetes than exercise itself is.

Articles such as this one with sensational headlines can do more harm than good. The article is written from a slant that leaves the weary weight-reduction-seeker feeling that they may be better off to stop spending time in the gym. While it does promote exercise for health benefits, it leaves you feeling that if your only reason for working out is weight release, you might as well give it up.

I wish they had taken a different approach, namely: Those who are exercising regularly and adding more movement to their waking hours are doing great things for the health of their bodies, as well as mood management. Keep it up! Those who aren't yet active, start building more movement into your day, and consider adding some "purposeful" activity when you can. But put it in perspective: keep your eyes on the prize and focus on healthy eating as your main method to reach your weight release goals.

As for me, you'll find me in Body Combat 2 times a week, Body Step 2 times a week, and weight lifting 2 times a week. I love how I feel and seeing the results of my hard work, whether I lose weight not! Anyone wanna join me?!!?

ADDENDUM SEPT 9: An article published today commenting on this very same Time article : Experts weigh in after "Time" questions value of exercise

Fake Sweetness >> Real Fat

In an effort to spare calories and avoid weight gain (not to mention tooth decay), many of us rely on artificial sweeteners to give us that hit of sweetness we crave, without the extra calories. There are a variety of artificial sweeteners on the market - aspartame/Nutrasweet, Equal, sucralose/Splenda, acesulfame-potassium, Saccharin/Sweet n Low, Neotame, and some of the newer sugar-alcohols like Erythritol, Sorbitol, Xylitol, Mannitol (not exactly artificial, and not calorie-free, but about 1/2 the calorie-content as sugar). We know that excess sugar leads to weight gain and tooth decay. It also contributes to the development of conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and even osteoporosis and other mineral deficiency conditions. But as bad as sugar can be in our diets (at the levels of intake typical for our society), are artificial sweeteners really the solution? More and more studies are showing that we really can't have our cake, and eat it too.

What's so bad about artificial sweeteners?
The internet is crawling with articles that outline the many negative symptoms and diseases that may be associated with intake of artificial sweeteners (check out the blog at www.drmercola.com for some really well outlined articles). Aspartame is the most controversial, and issues with Sucralose (now that it has been debunked as "natural" given that it was in fact discovered when manufacturing an insecticide, and is made of a combination of sugar and chlorines, a proven carcinogen) are appearing more and more often. These additives were approved based on short term studies, and only in recent years can we start to know the long term effects. Once again, we as a society have participated in one giant scientific experiment. What's more, we are now starting to see more and more products being created with a mix of different sweeteners, and we have no idea what the effects of this might be. Studies that indicate there are no significant negative effects are often funded by the very industries that profit from them. The range of symptoms that may be related to artificial sweeteners includes:

• headaches & migraines
  
• breathing difficulties
• skin eruptions/rashes
• cancer
• allergies
• aspartame disease
• depression
• fibromyalgia
• digestive disturbances
• liver and kidney toxicity
  

And... WEIGHT GAIN. I want to focus on this one, since the most common reason people choose to use artificial sweeteners is for weight control purposes. Given that these fake sweeteners have virtually no calories (or even if they have calories, they are so many more times sweeter than actual sugar that only small amounts need to be used to reach the desired sweetness level that the calories are negligible), how can they lead to weight gain? Aha, this is where we have a very clear demonstration that weight control is NOT all about calories in vs calories out!

How do artificial sweeteners contribute to making us fat?
Repeatedly, studies with rats are demonstrating two principal ways that artificial sweeteners contribute to weight gain*:

1. The sweet taste with the absence of calories "tricks" our body chemistry, breaking the connection between a sweet food and a high-calorie intake, and leads to a break-down in our body's ability to self-regulate caloric intake and satiety. This leads to overeating and constant cravings for more food.
2. Foods have thermogenic effects; when we eat them, our core body temperature and metabolism rise, increasing the calorie-burn capability. When we eat sugar, this occurs. When we eat artificial sweeteners, core body temperature does not rise like it does with higher calorie foods, and therefore LOWERS are metabolic burning ability.

These 2 effects combined will lead to weight gain in the long run if artificial sweeteners are used on a regular basis. In addition to the many possible health implications these additives may be related to, and you have to ask yourself if they are really worth it.

So now what?
If you've decided that you are ready to kick the fake sweetener habit, here are some strategies to help:

• Cut out diet pop first: This is usually the main source of intake of these additives. If you feel the need for the caffeine that is often in your beverage, substitute with herbal or green tea (try making some iced tea out of it if you prefer a cold drink). If you miss the fizz factor, have a glass of sparkling mineral water (aka: Perrier, etc) and squeeze in some fresh lime or lemon.
• Yogurt is another major source of intake: Replace sweetened yogurt with plain yogurt (goat's preferably), and "sweeten" naturally with fresh fruit (blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, diced peaches), and/or a teaspoon of maple syrup, agave nectar, or honey. Add in some walnut chunks and a teaspoon of ground flax for a great serving of essential fatty acids, increased satisifaction, and fill-you-up goodness!
• Eat a well balanced diet: INCLUDING healthy sources of whole grains (whole wheat, quinoa, oatmeal, kamut, millet...) and essential fats (avocado, olives and olive oil, nuts and nut butters...). Skimping on these foods that are often avoided like the plague by dieters who believe that low-carb and fat-free will help them achieve the sleek physique they desire will in fact only lead to constant cravings due to imbalance and lack of satisfaction. Enjoy them in balance with healthy sources of protein to help reduce cravings.
• Use healthy sweeteners (minimally): Maple syrup is my favourite (full of all the health supportive minerals that are stripped out of refined sugar). Agave nectar (a syrup from a cactus plant, that does not have the same impact to insulin in the body that sugar does), and raw honey (unpasteurized) are also excellent. Xylitol is also becoming easier to find in health food stores; it looks like sugar but is much sweeter, you can bake with it, and it even has antibacterial properties so helps resist dental cavities. Finally there is Stevia, an all natural sweetener that contains phytonutrients and trace minerals, and is many more times sweeter than sugar. Personally I find it has a bit of an aspartame taste to it, but it's not bad and you really only need a pinch. Please note: Agave, Xylitol, and Stevia all have possible negative impacts and have not been thoroughly researched, so use with discretion and minimally!
  
• Do expect that you're going to go through a period of craving for sweets: You've trained your body to want them, and it will take some time to readjust and retrain your taste buds too. Hang in there!

*studies were conducted with rats and response to saccharin; it stands to reason that the same effects would occur with other artificial sweeteners, however further research needs to be done to demonstrate that. As well, while these studies have not been done with human subjects, anecdotal evidence of the increase in the rate of obesity since the 1980's when these sweeteners started to become widely used in a variety of foods and beverages does support that they are certainly not helping us to control our weight.

Have you been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes? OPPORTUNITY KNOCKING

The Holistic Nutrition Forum needs men and women with Type 2 diabetes to participate in a study using holistic nutrition protocols.

Successful candidates will receive FREE individualized nutrition and lifestyle counseling focused on creating a personalized plan to manage their condition.

Live well. Be healthy.…and still enjoy good food!

Qualified participants will:
§ Meet with a holistic nutritionist 5 times over a 3-month period
§ Agree to three follow-up visits (at 6 months, 12 months, and 2 years later)
§ Keep a food journal
§ Follow the suggestions outlined, while providing feedback of benefits experienced and obstacles encountered

Criteria to apply as a study participant:

§ Men and women, at least 21 years of age, with Type II non-insulin dependent diabetes; fasting blood sugar of ≥7mg/dL;

§ BMI <45>

§ HbA1c values between 6.5-8.0%;

§ Able to read, write and communicate in English;

§ Able to participate fully for a term of no less than one (1) year;

§ Able to give informed consent;

§ Current medication has kept blood sugar stable 3 months prior to initial study assessment.

For more information, call Cathy: 416-261-1340, or email: csnnalumni@hotmail.com

If you want to work with me (Audrey Hood) directly, please indicate that in your email. The first person to take advantage of this offer will have this opportunity to work with me free of charge for participating in the study.